Yale–New Haven Hospital - Yale New Haven Hospital

Yale New Haven Hospital (abbreviated YNHH) is a 1,541-bed hospital located in New Haven, Connecticut. It is owned and operated by the Yale New Haven Health. YNHH includes the 168-bed Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven, the 201-bed Yale New Haven Children's Hospital and the 76-bed Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, making it one of the largest hospitals in the world and the largest in Connecticut. It is the primary teaching hospital for Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Nursing.

The hospital is a Magnet hospital and is accredited by the Joint Commission. It is also a Level I trauma center for adult and pediatric patients. It operates a pediatric critical care transport team including registered nurses, respiratory therapists and physicians who transfer pediatric patients from smaller community hospitals to Yale New Haven Children's Hospital.

In 2016, YNHH was once again ranked by U.S. News & World Report as one of the best hospitals in the United States. YNHH had two specialties ranked in the nation's top 10: geriatrics (#10) and psychiatry (#10). In addition, Yale New Haven also ranked among the very best in the nation in 9 additional medical specialties: pulmonology (#12); diabetes & endocrinology (#16); gastroenterology & GI surgery (#23); neurology & neurosurgery (#25); urology (#29); ear, nose and throat (#33); kidney disorders (#34); gynecology (#35) and cancer (#50). YNHH is the only hospital in Connecticut to be ranked in the national listings in any of the 16 medical specialties.

Additionally, in 2016, Yale New Haven Children's Hospital was ranked by U.S. News & World Report in 6 pediatric specialties: cancer (#35); diabetes & endocrinology (#7); gastroenterology and GI surgery (#38); neonatology (#47); neurology & neurosurgery (#47); and orthopedics (#48).

On September 12, 2012, YNHH acquired the assets of the Hospital of Saint Raphael (HSR), making it a single hospital with two main campuses.

In 2013, the hospital had more than 1,100,000 outpatient and emergency visits and 80,500 inpatient discharges. Yale New Haven Hospital is the second largest employer in New Haven, Connecticut, with more than 11,000 employees and has a physician base of more than 4,800 university-based and community physicians practicing more than 100 medical specialties.

History

The history of Yale New Haven Hospital extends back to 1826 when the General Hospital Society of Connecticut was chartered as the first hospital in Connecticut and the fourth voluntary hospital in the nation. The hospital rented temporary quarters and raised US$5,000 toward the purchase of land and construction. A new 13-bed hospital opened in 1833 on seven and a half acres of land bordered by Cedar Street and Howard, Davenport and Congress avenues. The original building, called the State Hospital, was designed by prominent New Haven architect Ithiel Town and cost US$13,000. In 1862, the State Hospital was converted to a military hospital to care for Union soldiers during the American Civil War. The hospital was renamed to the Knight United States Army General Hospital in honor of Jonathan Knight, the president of the board of trustees. Some attending physicians moved with the civilian patients to temporary quarters on Whitney Avenue. After the Civil War, the hospita l was turned over to the General Society of Connecticut in 1865. The hospital converted back to its original name of State Hospital. The Connecticut Training School, the third training school for nurses in the United States, was opened by the hospital in 1873. In 1884, the hospital's name was changed to New Haven Hospital to reflect the name that was widely being used by the residents of New Haven.

Yale School of Medicine and New Haven Hospital formalized their relationship in 1913. U.S. medical education, which had begun as a simple apprenticeship system, evolved to become a formal educational plan based on alliances between medical schools and hospitals. This was the start of what is now known as the Yale New Haven Medical Center. Their first motorized ambulance was purchased by New Haven Hospital in 1914.

In 1945 the hospital changed its name to Grace-New Haven Hospital after it affiliated itself with nearby Grace Hospital. On July 6, 1946, U.S. President George W. Bush was born at the hospital. In 1951, the New Haven Dispensary formally merged with Grace-New Haven Hospital. The New Haven Dispensary had opened in 1871 as the city's first outpatient clinic. In 1965, a more formal agreement with the Yale School of Medicine resulted in another name change to Yaleâ€"New Haven Hospital. 1993 saw the opening of the Yaleâ€"New Haven Children's Hospital becoming the first full-service children's hospital in Connecticut, including the first children's emergency department. The Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital was opened in 2000, after the purchase of the Yale Psychiatric Institute. Today, YNHH is a 1,541-bed private, nonprofit facility that ranks among the premier medical centers in the nation. Yaleâ€"New Haven is the largest acute care provider in southern Connecticut and one of the Northeast's major referral centers.

Physical plant

The main patient campus of Yale New Haven Hospital comprises four inpatient pavilions bounded by South Frontage Road, Park Street, Howard Avenue and York Street. The East Pavilion, originally called the Memorial Unit, was opened in 1952 (designed by Douglas Orr). Originally 8 stories tall, it was expanded to ten floors in 1972. The South Pavilion was opened in 1982 and followed by the Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital (West Pavilion) in 1993. In 2009, YNHH saw the opening of the Smilow Cancer Hospital (North Pavilion). All four pavilions are connected by a central atrium. In 2000, Yaleâ€"New Haven Hospital acquired the nearby Yale Psychiatric Institute (designed by architect Frank Gehry in 1989) and opened Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital. In 2004, the Yale New Haven Shoreline Medical Center in Guilford, Connecticut was opened. The New Haven Pavilion houses outpatient clinics, clinical laboratories and administration, among other departments. Located across the street from the inpatient pavilions, it occupies land that the original hospital was built on in 1833. The New Haven Pavilion connects directly to facilities of Yale School of Medicine. In 2012, Yaleâ€"New Haven Hospital acquired the assets of Hospital of Saint Raphael, located on Chapel Street in New Haven, which established Yale New Haven Hospital Saint Raphael Campus.

Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven

In October 2009, Yale New Haven Hospital opened the 14-story Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven. Smilow Cancer Hospital is affiliated with Yale Cancer Center, southern New England's only designated Comprehensive Cancer Center and one of 41 such centers in the United States. Smilow Cancer Hospital integrates all oncology patient services at the Hospital and Yale School of Medicine in one building specifically designed for the delivery of cancer care.

While construction was scheduled to begin in September 2005, the project was delayed by disputes with unions and the city. On March 22, 2006, the unions and the hospital reached an agreement. Construction on the new Yaleâ€"New Haven Cancer Hospital started on May 18, 2006 with the demolition of the Grace Building and site preparation. Groundbreaking occurred on Wednesday, September 6, 2006.

The Cancer Center building was named Smilow Cancer Hospital in honor of Joel E. and Joan Smilow's overwhelmingly generous gift to the cancer hospital. Joel E. Smilow is an alumnus of Yale University class of '54 and the former chair, chief executive officer and president of Playtex Products Inc. Smilow Cancer Hospital is connected to the other facilities via the atrium. The hospital is the seventh-tallest building in the New Haven skyline.

The project includes an adjacent six-story building at 55 Park Street. The building was designed by Barry Svigals of Svigals + Partners and Behnisch Architekten. The 55 Park building houses a large atrium connecting the main parking garage with the Smilow Cancer Hospital as well as clinical laboratories, the main hospital pharmacy and other support functions for the hospital. The City of New Haven approved 55 Park on November 15, 2007.

Milestones in medicine

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This is a list of notable medical accomplishments which took place at Yaleâ€"New Haven Hospital:

• 1896 â€" Arthur Wright produces first X-ray in the U.S. at Yale University
• 1942 â€" First successful clinical use of penicillin in the U.S. (see Orvan Hess, M.D.)
• 1942 â€" First use of chemotherapy as a cancer treatment
• 1946 â€" First U.S. hospital to allow healthy newborns to stay in rooms with mothers
• 1947 â€" The Rheumatic Fever-Cardiac clinic opens, the nation's first regional children's heart center
• 1949 â€" First artificial heart pump developed (now at the Smithsonian Institution)
• 1949 â€" First U.S. hospital to introduce natural childbirth as a general service
• 1952 â€" First cornea transplant in Connecticut
• 1954 â€" First high energy radiation treatment unit in Connecticut
• 1956 â€" First open heart surgery in Connecticut
• 1957 â€" First hospital to use fetal heart monitoring (see Orvan Hess, M.D.)
• 1957 â€" First peritoneal dialysis in Connecticut
• 1958 â€" First hemodialysis in Connecticut
• 1958 â€" First kidney biopsy in Connecticut
• 1959 â€" Discovery of melatonin
• 1960 â€" First intensive care unit for newborns
• 1963 â€" First linear accelerator for cancer treatment in Connecticut
• 1964 â€" First radiation therapy technology school in the U.S.
• 1966 â€" Diaphragmatic pacemaker allows quadriplegics to breathe without a respirator
• 1967 â€" First kidney transplant in Connecticut
• 1972 â€" First hospital-based comprehensive newborn screening program for sickle cell anemia in the U.S.
• 1975 â€" Lyme disease identified and named
• 1976 â€" First in Connecticut to treat cancer with photons and electrons
• 1978 â€" Develop first insulin infusion pump for diabetics
• 1982 â€" First AIDS clinic in Connecticut
• 1983 â€" First liver transplant in Connecticut
• 1983 â€" First in vitro fertilization birth in New England
• 1984 â€" First heart transplant in Connecticut
• 1984 â€" First skin bank in New England
• 1985 â€" First fetal cardiovascular center in the U.S.
• 1985 â€" First hospital-based inpatient child psychiatric unit in Connecticut
• 1987 â€" First use of photopheresis in Connecticut
• 1988 â€" First bone marrow transplant in Connecticut
• 1988 â€" First heart-lung transplant in Connecticut
• 1988 â€" First fetal tissue cell transplant into Parkinson's patient
• 1989 â€" First pancreas transplant in Connecticut
• 1990 â€" First single lung transplant in Connecticut
• 1991 â€" First in Connecticut to use Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), a sophisticated infant life support system
• 1992 â€" First heart transplant from an unmatched donor in Connecticut
• 1993 â€" First in Connecticut to use non-invasive stereotactic breast biopsy
• 1994 â€" First in Connecticut to use epidural endoscopy to diagnose elusive back pain
• 1995 â€" First hospital in Connecticut to have an Internet website
• 1996 â€" First in Connecticut to perform Battista heart reduction surgery
• 1997 â€" Only Big Apple Circus Clown Care Unit in Connecticut
• 1997 â€" First in Connecticut to use inhaled nitric oxide to treat infants with pulmonary hypertension
• 1997 â€" First documented heart transplants of adult identical twins, one in 1992, second in 1997
• 1998 â€" First patient in New England discharged with a left ventricular assist device
• 2000 â€" First in Connecticut to use GE LightSpeed CT Scanners
• 2001 â€" First U.S. hospital to introduce a Women's Heart Advantage program
• 2002 â€" First to transplant nerve cell into brain of multiple sclerosis patient
• 2003 â€" First in New England to transplant a Jarvik2000 ventricular assist device into a failing heart